Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā panela hōʻike -pahū, ma ke ʻano he mea pale nui ma nā wahi pōʻino i hiki ke pahū, i loko o nā mea kanu kemika, nā pahu hau, nā lumi kamepiula, a me nā hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā panela hōʻike pahū kila kila -a me nā panela hōʻike pahū maʻamau-ʻelua ʻano nui. ʻOiai he hana koʻikoʻi nā mea ʻelua o ka pale ʻana i nā hopena pahū a me ka pale ʻana i ka laha ʻana o ke ahi, ʻokoʻa loa lākou ma ke ʻano o nā mea waiwai, -hōʻike pahū, kūpaʻa, a me nā hiʻohiʻona pili. No laila, pono ka hoʻokaʻawale kūpono e pili ana i nā koi kikoʻī o kēlā me kēia hiʻohiʻona i ke koho ʻana i kahi panel.
ʻO ka ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi ma waena o nā mea ʻelua aia i kā lākou haku mele, ʻo ia ke kumu o nā ʻokoʻa āpau. Hoʻohana ʻia nā panela hōʻike pahū kila ʻole{1}} i ke ʻano "pane kila ʻaʻole + papa kumu hoʻohuihui". Hana ʻia ka pā me 304 a i ʻole 316 kiʻekiʻe -ikaika kila kila, ʻo ia ka ʻoʻoleʻa, ka wela-kūʻole, a me ka ʻino-pale. Hana ʻia ka ʻaoʻao kumu me nā mea pale ahi-a me ka hopena -mea paʻa, i hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻia i ka panel e hana i ka hoʻohui pū ʻia, ka pale kaulike a me ka paʻa. Hoʻohana ka nui o nā panela pahū maʻamau i nā pā kila -wili a i ʻole nā papa kila i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ke ʻano he panel, a ʻo ka papa kumu i hana ʻia me nā mea pale ahi maʻamau. ʻOi aku ka ikaika a me ka pale ʻana i ka ea o kēia mau mea ma mua o ke kila kila, a ʻaʻole mālama ʻia ka panel me ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion, no laila hiki ke maʻalahi i ka ʻelemakule ma muli o nā kumu kaiapuni.
E pili ana i ka hana pahū-a me ka hopena pale, aia ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā mea ʻelua. ʻO nā panela pahū kila kila -hōʻike, mahalo i ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe o ka pā kila kuhiliʻole a me ka hopena cushioning o ka papa kumu hoʻohuihui, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ke kūʻē ʻana a hiki ke pale aku i nā hawewe haʻalulu pahū kiʻekiʻe, e emi ana lākou i ka haki ʻana a i ʻole nā haehae. I ka manawa like, ʻo ke kila kuhiliʻole he kiʻekiʻe -e pale wela a ʻaʻole-puhū, e hāʻawi ana i ka ʻoi aku o ke ahi -pale a me ka lapalapa- hopena insulating, e ālai pono ana i ke komo ʻana o nā ʻāhu wela kiʻekiʻe a me nā ʻāpana pahū, e hāʻawi ana i ka pale ākea. 'Oi aku ka nawaliwali o ka pahū ma'amau-panana ho'opa'a a hiki i ka poino o ka panel a me ka wehe 'ana o ka papa kumu i mua o nā pahū ki'eki'e. Eia kekahi, ua kaupalena 'ia ko lākou mau waiwai pale ahi, e pa'akikī ai ke kū 'ana i ke ahi wela ki'eki'e no ka manawa lō'ihi, e hopena i nā hopena pale.
ʻO nā koina paʻa a me ka mālama ʻana he ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o nā mea ʻelua. Loaʻa i nā panela hōʻike pahū kila kila -palekana maikaʻi loa i ka ʻinoʻino, ke kūʻokoʻa o ka wā kahiko, a me ka pale ʻana i ka ʻōpala, no laila kūpono lākou no nā kaiapuni ʻino me ka haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe a me ka ʻino, e like me nā mea kanu kemika a me nā wahi kahakai. Hiki i ko lākou ola lawelawe ke ʻoi aku ma mua o 20 mau makahiki, e koi ana i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe manawa wale ma hope, e hopena i nā kumukūʻai mālama haʻahaʻa loa. ʻO nā panela pahū maʻamau-me ko lākou -panī ʻōwili a i ʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, hiki i ka ʻōpala a me ka ʻinoʻino, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma nā wahi haʻahaʻa a ʻino. He 5-10 makahiki wale no ko lakou ola lawelawe, e koi ana i ka hoohana mau i ka -pena pale, e alakai ana i ka nui o ka malama ana a me na koina. Hiki i ka hoʻohana lōʻihi ke hōʻemi i ka hana.
Ma nā ʻano hiʻohiʻona kūpono, ʻokoʻa loa nā ʻano paneli pahū-ʻokoʻa i ko lākou kūpono no nā pono like ʻole. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā panela pahū kila ʻole -ma muli o ko lākou mau waiwai pale ikaika a me ka lōʻihi loa, no nā kaiapuni kiʻekiʻe -pilikia, ʻinoʻino e like me nā mea kanu kemika, nā hale hoʻokele kinoea, nā paepae waho, a me nā hale hana waikawa/alkali, hiki ke mālama i nā kūlana paʻakikī e like me nā pahū -kiʻekiʻe a me nā mea ʻino. He kūpono nō hoʻi ia no nā lumi mīkini, nā keʻena hāʻawi mana, a me nā hale hana i loaʻa nā lako waiwai kahi e koi ʻia ai nā pae pale kiʻekiʻe. Hāʻawi ʻia nā panela hōʻike pahū maʻamau-ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, i ka pale haʻahaʻa a me ka lōʻihi, e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ia mau mea no nā wahi haʻahaʻa -pilikia, ʻoluʻolu e like me nā hale kūʻai maʻamau a me nā wahi pahū pōkole-pono. He ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke kumukūʻai, no laila kūpono lākou i nā papahana me nā palena kālā a me nā koi pale haʻahaʻa.
